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What's the difference between real and nominal prices? Get assignment help from Dream Assignment and find out!


You’ve just bought some groceries at the supermarket, and after you swipe your credit card, you look down at the receipt and see that you’ve spent $100 on items that you need to feed your family for the week. That might sound like a lot of money, but when you think about it in terms of the nominal price of these items; you realize that it isn’t so much at all.

How do you go about making sense of real versus nominal prices?

The difference between the two can be easily understood by looking at the concept of inflation which occurs due to a rise in the prices of goods and services over time. Real versus nominal prices helps us make sense of these price variations and understand how they affect the way we conduct business decisions in our day-to-day lives. So, are you looking for help with your real versus nominal price assignments? Get in touch with Dream Assignment. We offer custom assistance with such tasks in order to help students master this concept and ace their papers. Contact us today!

What is real versus nominal prices?

Value is one of those terms that can cause great confusion for anyone who wants to learn about economics and finance. The main reason for the confusion is that it can be used in several different ways depending on which economic or financial theory you look at. In its simplest form, value means what something is worth. This most basic sense of value implies that something has some usefulness to people (both real and potential). When economists talk about market values they are referring to the prices of goods and services. The price level refers to how much all goods and services sold during a period are worth when measured as a whole against a fixed standard such as currency or labor costs.

How do we measure real versus nominal prices?


We use two ways to measure prices: nominal and real. These are based on two categories of prices: those that don’t include inflation and those that do. When we look at only those prices that don’t change over time, we call them nominal prices. As an example, if someone gets a haircut and pays $30, she is looking at nominal prices because they haven’t changed over time. Inflation will not increase her cost when she goes back for her next haircut six months later; it will still be $30. However, if she buys gas and oil for her car, which has increased by 10 percent since last year, then she is looking at real prices. The price has gone up over time even though there was no change in how much money was paid for each gallon of gas or gallon of oil. Both nominal and real prices allow us to make better decisions about what we buy. If something costs more than it did last year, then we need to take a closer look before making our purchase decision. For example, maybe we should drive less and walk more instead of buying that new SUV. Or maybe you can find cheaper gas elsewhere so you don’t have to pay $4 per gallon every week. The bottom line is that nominal prices tell us how much things cost today while real prices tell us how much things cost today compared to last year. That’s why both are important measures of economic growth and inflation.

How are they calculated?


The price level of goods is used to figure out whether inflation or deflation is occurring. If prices are increasing at a faster rate than they have been in previous years, then you’re experiencing inflation. On an individual level, a person will experience inflation if he purchases more goods for his dollar over time. In short, inflation occurs when goods and services become increasingly expensive over time. Understanding how real versus nominal prices are calculated can help clarify how businesses and individuals measure their profits—and decide how much they can afford to pay employees.
Before jumping into calculating nominal and real prices, let’s first take a look at some definitions.

Nominal:b A nominal price represents what something costs without taking into account any changes due to inflation.

Real: A real price takes into account changes due to inflation. For example, say you buy a soda today for $1 and another soda next year for $2. That would be considered 100% inflation because your dollar buys less each year. However, if you bought that same soda today for $1 but it cost $0.75 next year (the cost decreased by 25%), then there was only 25% deflation because your dollar buys more each year (you saved 25 cents). While it may seem like a complicated concept, understanding how these two types of prices work isn’t as difficult as it seems—and knowing how to calculate them can be very useful!

Why is it used in economics?


The real price of a good or service is what you have to give up to get it. The real interest rate is what you earn on your savings account. The real wage is how much you can buy with your salary. Economists use these and other measures of real quantities to make distinctions between changes in nominal quantities that reflect inflation and other changes due to factors besides inflation.

When are real versus nominal prices used?


The distinction between real and nominal prices is often used by economists when discussing inflation, but it has applications to non-economic fields as well. Real versus nominal prices help determine whether certain figures are increasing because of inflation or other factors. For example, if a gallon of milk costs $2 today compared to $1 a year ago, then that gallon of milk would be considered more expensive on a nominal basis ($2 compared to $1). However, if you adjust for inflation (as measured by an index like CPI), then you can see that while that gallon of milk is more expensive than last year’s price (nominally), it may not actually be more expensive than last year’s price adjusted for inflation (real).

How is it related to inflation?


When you buy any good or service, usually, you pay a nominal price. This nominal price is what most of us are concerned about when we go shopping: how much money do I have to fork over to get that new shirt? On average, prices rise each year (inflation). In some years, prices increase significantly more than in others. The CPI attempts to measure inflation by taking a fixed basket of goods and tracking how their cost changes over time. A few times per year, it releases an updated number for how many dollars are required to purchase that same basket of goods. We can use these numbers to determine whether prices really did rise as much as they seemed—or if people just got used to paying higher prices for those items. For example, let’s say your city’s CPI increased from 200 in January 2016 to 220 in January 2017. You might think wow! That’s 10% inflation!

The role of inflation


A 2014 survey of American economists showed that about 80% believe inflation will be higher in 2 years than it is today. If that’s true, then buying things now at a low price is really like paying less per unit of purchasing power than we would if we waited to buy it later when its price had risen. Think about it: When you buy something for $1 today, you won’t feel like you’re paying less than if you bought it for $2 tomorrow. And in terms of your overall economic well-being, that matters just as much as whether what you bought is worth more or less with inflation factored in. In other words, there isn’t any reason to wait—and plenty of reasons not to.

The aim of central banks


When central banks try to inflate their currency, what are they actually trying to do? Inflation means increasing general price levels, but that’s only part of it. When a central bank tries to control inflation or influence aggregate demand, as it often says in its policy statements, it is generally trying to create conditions in which businesses and households will borrow money and spend more on goods and services. This will cause an increase in sales for companies, whose profits rise; meanwhile, a stronger economy makes workers more valuable. Higher wages mean consumers have more disposable income, so they go out and buy more stuff too. In other words, central banks want to encourage economic growth by encouraging people to buy stuff. That’s why there is such a close link between monetary policy and interest rates: if you want people to borrow money, you need them to think it’s cheap.

Understanding the Consumer Price Index (CPI)


The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a type of economic indicator that evaluate the changes in average price levels over time. In other words, it’s a tool applied to evaluate inflation—which occurs when the general prices of goods and services rise over time. The CPI can also be used to compare changes in price levels of items between two different points in time. To track inflation, many investors pay attention to real rather than nominal values: The former tells you what things cost relative to others at that point in time; whereas nominal values simply remove current effects from comparisons with prior periods—and often fail to account for larger longer-term trends.

Inflation rate vs. Inflation level


It is important to understand how inflation impacts your spending habits. Inflation affects every country differently and can be measured in several ways. The most common methods are: Consumer Price Index (CPI) - This measure compares price changes in a defined basket of goods and services over time, as reported by consumers, retailers, employers, etc. Wholesale Price Index (WPI) - This measures changes in prices of some basic goods and services sold by businesses or government agencies that buy items in large quantities for resale or cost-accounting purposes. GDP Deflator - Measures inflation rate after taxes are removed for both personal consumption expenditure (PCE) and gross domestic product (GDP). It does not include any indirect taxes, such as sales tax or import duties.

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